Naturalism

Naturalism in painting is an artistic movement that seeks to represent reality objectively and in detail, based on meticulous observation of the natural environment. It emerged in the mid-19th century as an evolution of realism influenced by scientific advances and the interest in precise documentation of nature. This style is characterized by the faithful representation of landscapes, flora, fauna, and everyday scenes without idealization or subjective interpretation.

Naturalism was mainly influenced by realism, a movement that also sought a truthful representation of everyday life but with a more critical and social focus. Unlike realism, naturalism focused more on scientific accuracy and objectivity, using detailed techniques and rigorous studies of nature. Naturalist artists paid special attention to light, texture, and color to authentically capture the essence of their subjects.

Among the most representative painters of naturalism are Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jules Bastien-Lepage, and Winslow Homer. Corot, known for his serene and detailed landscapes, was a precursor of the movement and a bridge between realism and impressionism. Bastien-Lepage, on the other hand, is famous for his portraits and rural scenes that combine meticulous observation with poetic sensitivity. Winslow Homer, a prominent American painter, is known for his vivid representations of life in the countryside and at sea, using detailed technique and masterful handling of light.

Naturalism influenced several subsequent artistic movements, such as impressionism and photorealism. The impressionists adopted the direct observation of nature and attention to the effects of light, although with a freer and more subjective technique. Photorealism, which emerged in the second half of the 20th century, took the precision of naturalism to a new level, using photography as a basis to create extremely detailed and realistic paintings.